Monday, February 9, 2009
Update on Elliot
Sunday, February 8, 2009
Your Prayers Are Needed
Sunday, February 1, 2009
Twins...separated by 27 months
Wednesday, January 28, 2009
Eat Dirt!
Babies Know: A Little Dirt Is Good for You
by Jane E. Brody
Published: January 26, 2009
Ask mothers why babies are constantly picking things up from the floor or ground and putting them in their mouths, and chances are they’ll say that it’s instinctive — that that’s how babies explore the world. But why the mouth, when sight, hearing, touch and even scent are far better at identifying things?
When my young sons were exploring the streets of Brooklyn, I couldn’t help but wonder how good crushed rock or dried dog droppings could taste when delicious mashed potatoes were routinely rejected.
Since all instinctive behaviors have an evolutionary advantage or they would not have been retained for millions of years, chances are that this one too has helped us survive as a species. And, indeed, accumulating evidence strongly suggests that eating dirt is good for you.
In studies of what is called the hygiene hypothesis, researchers are concluding that organisms like the millions of bacteria, viruses and especially worms that enter the body along with “dirt” spur the development of a healthy immune system. Several continuing studies suggest that worms may help to redirect an immune system that has gone awry and resulted in autoimmune disorders, allergies and asthma.
These studies, along with epidemiological observations, seem to explain why immune system disorders like multiple sclerosis, Type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, asthma and allergies have risen significantly in the United States and other developed countries.
Training the Immune System
“What a child is doing when he puts things in his mouth is allowing his immune response to explore his environment,” Mary Ruebush, a microbiology and immunology instructor, wrote in her new book, “Why Dirt Is Good” (Kaplan). “Not only does this allow for ‘practice’ of immune responses, which will be necessary for protection, but it also plays a critical role in teaching the immature immune response what is best ignored.”
One leading researcher, Dr. Joel V. Weinstock, the director of gastroenterology and hepatology at Tufts Medical Center in Boston, said in an interview that the immune system at birth “is like an unprogrammed computer. It needs instruction.”
He said that public health measures like cleaning up contaminated water and food have saved the lives of countless children, but they “also eliminated exposure to many organisms that are probably good for us.”
“Children raised in an ultraclean environment,” he added, “are not being exposed to organisms that help them develop appropriate immune regulatory circuits.”
Studies he has conducted with Dr. David Elliott, a gastroenterologist and immunologist at the University of Iowa, indicate that intestinal worms, which have been all but eliminated in developed countries, are “likely to be the biggest player” in regulating the immune system to respond appropriately, Dr. Elliott said in an interview. He added that bacterial and viral infections seem to influence the immune system in the same way, but not as forcefully.
Most worms are harmless, especially in well-nourished people, Dr. Weinstock said.
“There are very few diseases that people get from worms,” he said. “Humans have adapted to the presence of most of them.”
Worms for Health
In studies in mice, Dr. Weinstock and Dr. Elliott have used worms to both prevent and reverse autoimmune disease. Dr. Elliott said that in Argentina, researchers found that patients with multiple sclerosis who were infected with the human whipworm had milder cases and fewer flare-ups of their disease over a period of four and a half years. At the University of Wisconsin, Madison, Dr. John Fleming, a neurologist, is testing whether the pig whipworm can temper the effects of multiple sclerosis.
In Gambia, the eradication of worms in some villages led to children’s having increased skin reactions to allergens, Dr. Elliott said. And pig whipworms, which reside only briefly in the human intestinal tract, have had “good effects” in treating the inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, he said.
How may worms affect the immune system? Dr. Elliott explained that immune regulation is now known to be more complex than scientists thought when the hygiene hypothesis was first introduced by a British epidemiologist, David P. Strachan, in 1989. Dr. Strachan noted an association between large family size and reduced rates of asthma and allergies. Immunologists now recognize a four-point response system of helper T cells: Th 1, Th 2, Th 17 and regulatory T cells. Th 1 inhibits Th 2 and Th 17; Th 2 inhibits Th 1 and Th 17; and regulatory T cells inhibit all three, Dr. Elliott said.
“A lot of inflammatory diseases — multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and asthma — are due to the activity of Th 17,” he explained. “If you infect mice with worms, Th 17 drops dramatically, and the activity of regulatory T cells is augmented.”
In answer to the question, “Are we too clean?” Dr. Elliott said: “Dirtiness comes with a price. But cleanliness comes with a price, too. We’re not proposing a return to the germ-filled environment of the 1850s. But if we properly understand how organisms in the environment protect us, maybe we can give a vaccine or mimic their effects with some innocuous stimulus.”
Wash in Moderation
Dr. Ruebush, the “Why Dirt Is Good” author, does not suggest a return to filth, either. But she correctly points out that bacteria are everywhere: on us, in us and all around us. Most of these micro-organisms cause no problem, and many, like the ones that normally live in the digestive tract and produce life-sustaining nutrients, are essential to good health.
“The typical human probably harbors some 90 trillion microbes,” she wrote. “The very fact that you have so many microbes of so many different kinds is what keeps you healthy most of the time.”
Dr. Ruebush deplores the current fetish for the hundreds of antibacterial products that convey a false sense of security and may actually foster the development of antibiotic-resistant, disease-causing bacteria. Plain soap and water are all that are needed to become clean, she noted.
“I certainly recommend washing your hands after using the bathroom, before eating, after changing a diaper, before and after handling food,” and whenever they’re visibly soiled, she wrote. When no running water is available and cleaning hands is essential, she suggests an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
Dr. Weinstock goes even further. “Children should be allowed to go barefoot in the dirt, play in the dirt, and not have to wash their hands when they come in to eat,” he said. He and Dr. Elliott pointed out that children who grow up on farms and are frequently exposed to worms and other organisms from farm animals are much less likely to develop allergies and autoimmune diseases.
Also helpful, he said, is to “let kids have two dogs and a cat,” which will expose them to intestinal worms that can promote a healthy immune system.
Did you read that last part Mr. Halverson??? OK, I'll pass on the cat, but here's one more reason to get a dog!
Tuesday, January 27, 2009
Change I Can Believe In
The economy may be in tatters but I woke up this morning with a smile on my face. No, not because Obama is at the helm, although that does make me smile, but because I DIDN'T wake up at any point in the night to comfort a crying child. This miraculous event has occurred for five nights running so I finally feel like I can write about and I won't jinx it. Our secret? We put Elliot to bed in the sensory deprivation chamber (our walk-in closet) and we leave the hall light on and the door wide open to the boys' room for Oliver. This seems to work wonders for both of them.
In other positive news, it has been weeks since Elliot last spit up all over me. No more stinky cheese smell, no more stained shirts, no more gross puddles on the floor and furniture, no more humiliation when I see pictures of me like the one below and realize that spit up doesn't "dry clear". What was I thinking???
Can we make these changes stick? Yes we can!
Friday, January 16, 2009
Blogging Hiatus
It has been a month since I last posted on this blog. Between our trip to New York for Christmas, New Year's, and our 7 year anniversary a lot has happened that is certainly "blog worthy" but I have just been so busy implementing my New Year's resolutions (to go to bed at the same time as Ryan, to keep to a schedule, to do a better job of magnifying my callings, to create a "HOUSE OF ORDER"...more on that later) that I haven't had much time to muse about my life, the kids, the incoming administration, etc. But tonight is Friday night and I can sleep in tomorrow (yeah right) I decided to throw caution and common sense and all that to the wind and post some pictures at least.
We stopped on our way up to New York in Washington DC and stayed with the Hales'. We invited a few old DC friends over for a "Bagels and Boys" playdate on Saturday morning. I was so excited to introduce Ollie to our friend's little boys. They bonded over a common love for trains and Lightning McQueen. Check out these cute kids! They belong to Catherine & Scott Ladd, Matt & Kathy Johnson, Mary & Steve Hales, and James & Mariane Viray.
We didn't have too much time to spend in DC because we had dinner plans with more old DC friends in New York. Here is Oliver with more Colonial Ward progeny: Katie Carpenter Groberg and Emily Carpenter Hanson's kids. (We were just getting the hang of a new lens that was my early Christmas present to Ryan so some of these pictures are a little skiwampus.) We had dinner with the Grobergs, the Hansons (minus JP and one sick kiddo), and the newlyweds Tom and Whit Gourley.
Katie is such a gracious hostess and not only made some awesome desserts (yum!) but brought cool Christmas craft projects for the kids.
The highlight of our trip to New York City may have been the trip to the New York Botanical Garden with Abby and Adam to see the Holiday Train Show. This is a pretty spectacular event. We thought it was pretty cool even before we had a train-obsessed little boy. The NYBG has recreated many famous NYC landmarks entirely out of plant material (twigs, bark, dried flowers, seeds, etc.) Oliver was pretty enchanted by all the trains.
Since it is late and I don't want to fall too hard off the "house of order" wagon I am not going to write too much else tonight. Christmas was, well, memorable. We drove up to my dad's house in Unadilla. Adam's flight to Michigan was canceled so he ended up joining us for Christmas, for which we are all (especially perhaps Ryan) most grateful! The boys got totally spoiled by their grandparents. Here are some pictures from Christmas. By the way, that's not the Charlie Brown Christmas tree...it's a Serbian spruce that my dad is planting in the back yard once the ground thaws :-)
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